The Cummins Engine Management System (EMS), centered on the Electronic Control Module (ECM), uses sensors (CKP, MAP, EGT, etc.) to monitor engine conditions and commands actuators (injectors, VGT, EGR) for precise control. It optimizes air-fuel ratios, manages emissions aftertreatment, and ensures engine protection, enabling performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions compliance. Understanding its architecture is key for diagnostics and maintenance.

Advanced diagnostics for Cummins engines involve ECM analysis via fault codes and live data, cylinder performance tests like power balance and compression checks, pressure/flow tests for fuel, cooling and boost systems, fluid analysis for oil and coolant, sensor/circuit checks, and visual inspections with borescopes/thermal imaging. These methods help pinpoint issues, enabling informed maintenance decisions and maximizing engine longevity.